Scientists say they can calculate the cost of oil giants' role in global warming

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2. I would think these analysis would have to account for the times the companies could have and didn't

Anyone operating a combustible engine, using coal/charcoal, heating oil etc is part of the issue. The only time I can see holding companies accountable would be if you could quantify the result of proven steps that could have been taken to reduce emissions that the companies knew about and lied or purposely misrepresented and profited by that and by how much in each scenario. I assume they are doing this from the part of the article posted above. I couldn't get thru the paywalls.